| Copyright © 2009 by William L. Stubbs |
Attributes of the alpha-beta theory models appear to align with a few chemical and nuclear observations.
Nuclear configuration for noble gases consistent.
The noble gases in chemistry are atoms with their outer electron shell completely filled, making them virtually unreactive chemically.
The first four noble gases are helium, neon, argon, and krypton. The alpha-beta modles of the nuclei of the first four noble gases all
have an integer multiple of oxygen-16 nuclei bound together plus one extra alpha attached to them. Helium-4 has zero oxygen-16
nuclei plus one alpha. Neon-20 has one oxygen-16 nucleus plus one alpha. Argon-36 has two oxygen-16 nuclei bound together plus
one alpha. Finally, krypton-84 is believed to be five oxygen-16 nuclei connected together plus one alpha. See Figure 1 below.
One configuration of iron-56 symetric about an axis.
The alternate configuration of iron-56 has a shape that allows it to spin about its long axis. This shape would allow the iron-56 nuclei in
a sample of the material to all consistently align if placed under the influence of an electric field to become an electromagnet, or under
the influence of a magnetic field, possibly becoming magnetized. See Figure 2 below.
The shape of the carbon-12 nucleus supports carbon chemistry.
The triangular shape of the alpha-beta model of the carbon-12 nucleus is consistent with molecular configurations of carbon found in
chemistry. The triangle can be arranged to produce the hexagonal configuration found in graphite. They can also be arranged to
produce to produce the hexagonal benzene rings seen in organic chemistry.
Nuclear magic numbers.
The alpha-beta models of the nuclei corresponding to the first two nuclear magic numbers are tetrahedrons. Both the helium-4 model
(magic number 2) and the oxygen-16 model (magic number 8) are tetrahedral shaped. See Figure 3 below.
Nuclear configuration for noble gases consistent.
The noble gases in chemistry are atoms with their outer electron shell completely filled, making them virtually unreactive chemically.
The first four noble gases are helium, neon, argon, and krypton. The alpha-beta modles of the nuclei of the first four noble gases all
have an integer multiple of oxygen-16 nuclei bound together plus one extra alpha attached to them. Helium-4 has zero oxygen-16
nuclei plus one alpha. Neon-20 has one oxygen-16 nucleus plus one alpha. Argon-36 has two oxygen-16 nuclei bound together plus
one alpha. Finally, krypton-84 is believed to be five oxygen-16 nuclei connected together plus one alpha. See Figure 1 below.
One configuration of iron-56 symetric about an axis.
The alternate configuration of iron-56 has a shape that allows it to spin about its long axis. This shape would allow the iron-56 nuclei in
a sample of the material to all consistently align if placed under the influence of an electric field to become an electromagnet, or under
the influence of a magnetic field, possibly becoming magnetized. See Figure 2 below.
The shape of the carbon-12 nucleus supports carbon chemistry.
The triangular shape of the alpha-beta model of the carbon-12 nucleus is consistent with molecular configurations of carbon found in
chemistry. The triangle can be arranged to produce the hexagonal configuration found in graphite. They can also be arranged to
produce to produce the hexagonal benzene rings seen in organic chemistry.
Nuclear magic numbers.
The alpha-beta models of the nuclei corresponding to the first two nuclear magic numbers are tetrahedrons. Both the helium-4 model
(magic number 2) and the oxygen-16 model (magic number 8) are tetrahedral shaped. See Figure 3 below.
| Figure 1: n(O-16) + alpha nuclei: He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-36 |
| Figure 3: He-4 and O-16, Magic numbers 2 and 8 |
| Figure 2: Iron-56 rotational symmetry |
| Observations |